Posts

Showing posts from August, 2025

How to Implement Linked List in Java | Insertion & Deletion Explained

Image
Mastering Linked Lists in Java Mastering Linked Lists in Java: A Step-by-Step Implementation (Singly Linked List) In this tutorial, we’ll implement a Singly Linked List in Java. The code includes detailed comments to explain what each part does. Node Class // Node represents each element in the Linked List public class Node { int data; // Stores the value Node next; // Points to the next node // Constructor initializes data and sets next to null public Node(int data) { this.data = data; this.next = null; } } LinkedList Class // LinkedList class manages all operations public class LinkedList { Node head; // The first node in the list // Constructor initializes the head as null (empty list) public LinkedList() { this.head = null; } // Check if the list is empty public boolean isEmpty() { return this.head == null; } // Insert a node at the beginning publ...

Fundamentals of Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA) — Beginner Friendly Guide

Image
DSA Fundamentals — Basics DSA Fundamentals This post covers the basic concepts of Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) in simple language with clear examples. What is DSA? Data Structures are ways of organizing data, and Algorithms are methods to operate on that data efficiently. Together they form the backbone of problem-solving in programming. Big-O Complexity (Performance) O(1): Constant time (e.g., accessing array element) O(log n): Logarithmic time (e.g., binary search) O(n): Linear time (e.g., traversing an array) O(n log n): Efficient sorting (e.g., merge sort) O(n²): Nested loops (e.g., bubble sort) Common Data Structures Array: Fast random access, fixed size Linked List: Flexible size, slower access Stack: Last In First Out (Undo operations) Queue: First In First Out (Task scheduling) Hash Table: Fast lookups using key...

DSA Mini Q&A Module – Arrays, ArrayList, Linked List, and Stack

Image
DSA Mini Q&A Module DSA Mini Q&A Module 1. Arrays Q1: What is an array? An array is a collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory locations. Each element is accessed by an index starting from 0. Q2: Advantages of arrays Fast access via index (O(1)) Easy to iterate Q3: Disadvantages of arrays Fixed size (cannot grow/shrink dynamically) Inserting/deleting in middle is expensive (O(n)) Q4: Array vs ArrayList Feature Array ArrayList Size Fixed Dynamic Data type Same type (primitive or object) Objects only Memory Contiguous Flexible, resizable Performance Faster for access Slightly slower due to dynamic resizing 2. ArrayList Q1: What is an ArrayList? A resizable array in Java, part of java.util, which can grow ...

Web Technologies Beginner Guide: Websites, Static vs Dynamic Content, HTML & CSS Basics

Image
Web Technologies :  Beginner Guide  (note: this blog have short online explanation only) Tools and techniques used to create, manage and interact with websites and web applications called Web technologies . Websites and Web Pages Website is a collection of related webpages. It usually under single domain name can be access through internet. Web Pag e is an individual document that can be display in web browser. ( in include images, videos, text and links to other web pages) Dynamic content vs Static Content Static Content and Dynamic Content differ mainly in how they are generated and how they behave once delivered to the user Static content : content that look the same for every users and don't change (only can be change by developers manually) Ex: plain HTML pages Dynamic Content: Content that generated in real time based on user input or their preferences.(I...

Software Engineering Explained: Definition, Process Models, and Challenges

Image
 Introduction to Software Engineering  Intro,  Software engineering is a methodology focusing on developing high quality software systems cost effectively. In 1968, there was a conference held to discuss about the software crisis . At the time newly introduces computer (Based on IC) was more complex than before and software development in crisis. The first idea of software engineering came out from this conference for "Software crisis". The software crisis refers to the set of problems faced in software development (such as delays, cost overruns, low quality, and difficulty in maintenance). What is Software ? Software not just the programs. It all linked with the documentation and configuration data that is needed to make these program runs correctly.  what are the 2 fundamental types of software product? i. Generic Product :      System that created by a software developing company and sold in open market to any customer who able to buy  ii. C...

Avoid These 10 Java Mistakes – Beginner’s Guide to Better Coding

Image
Top 10 Common Java Mistakes Beginners Make (and How to Avoid Them) 1. Forgetting to Close Curly Braces {} Missing a closing brace can break your program or mess up your code structure. Example: public void foo() { if (x > 0) { System.out.println("Hello"); // missing closing brace here! Fix: Always check your braces. Use your code editor’s auto-format or brace matching tools to keep track. 2. Using == Instead of .equals() for Strings In Java, == compares memory locations, not text content. For strings, always use .equals() . Example: String a = "hello"; String b = new String("hello"); if (a == b) { // This will be false! // Wrong comparison } Fix: Use a.equals(b) to compare string values correctly. 3. Getting NullPointerException  Calling a method on a null object crashes your program with a NullPointerException . Example: String s = null; int length = s.length(); // Causes NPE Fix: Always check if an object is null bef...

Beginner's Guide to the World Wide Web: Websites, Domains, Networks & More!

Image
Beginner's Guide to the World Wide Web: Websites, Domains, Networks & More! ๐ŸŒ Yo, What's the Deal with the Web (World Wide Web)? Hey there! The World Wide Web (WWW) is like the biggest hit on the Internet . It's where folks hunt for info, link up with friends, pick up new skills, grab deals while shopping, hustle at work, and toss around cool ideas. The Internet? It's this massive global setup of computers all hooked up together, and the Web is one of its top features. This is my second post on the blog—building off the first one where we chatted about getting started online. Stick around! ๐ŸŒ Website vs Webpage: Don't Get 'Em Mixed Up! Website – It's a bunch of connected webpages chilling under one domain, like www.example.com . Webpage – Just one single page or doc on that site. ๐Ÿ’ก Imagine a website as your fave book, and the webpages are the chapters or pages inside it. Super simple, right? ๐Ÿท️ Domain Name? Yeah, That's Your ...

Java Basics – What, Why, and the Real Story

Image
Java Basics – What, Why, and the Real Story What is Java? Java is a programming language and a platform . In simple words – you write code once, and it can run almost anywhere (Windows, Mac, Linux, even mobile). It’s object-oriented , meaning we deal with real-world stuff in code ( objects, classes ). It’s been around since the 90s, but still in high demand — used for apps, websites, games, banking software, you name it.  Requirements to Run Java To code and run Java, you need: JDK (Java Development Kit) – to write and compile programs. JRE (Java Runtime Environment) – to run Java programs. A code editor (like IntelliJ IDEA  (My favorite) , Eclipse , or even VS Code ). A brain that can handle logic (no joke ๐Ÿ˜).  Advantages of Java Platform Independent – Write once, run anywhere ( WORA ). OOP – Easy to ...